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LTE Explained

LTE-M

LTE-M is a cellular technology specifically designed for the needs of applications targeting the Internet of Things (IoT) or machine-to-machine (M2M) communications.

What is LTE-M?

LTE-M is a low‑power wide‑area (LPWA) air interface that lets you connect IoT and M2M devices with medium data rate requirements. It enables longer battery lifecycles and greater in‑building range, as compared to standard cellular technologies such as 2G, 3G, or higher LTE categories.

Key features include:

  • Full mobility and in-vehicle hand-over
  • Low power consumption
  • Extended in-building range
  • Support of voice functionality via VoLTE
Battery life of up to 10 years on a single charge in some use cases also contributes to lower maintenance costs for deployed devices, even in locations where end devices may not be connected directly to the power grid. Another benefit is the support of voice functionality via VoLTE (voice over LTE), which means it can be used for applications requiring a level of human interaction, such as for certain health and security applications (for example, stay‑in‑place solutions and alarm panels).

Evolution from LTE Cat M1 to LTE Cat M2

LTE-M was first introduced as LTE Cat M1 in the 3GPP Release 13 standard that also defined Narrowband IoT (NB‑IoT or LTE Cat NB1) – both are LPWA technologies in the licensed spectrum. With 3GPP Release 14, the LTE Cat M2 standard has been set. While LTE Cat M1 transmitted data at a bandwidth of 1.4 MHz, LTE Cat M2 will increase to 5 MHz. It will bring improvements in several areas:
  • Data rate: LTE Cat M1 can support uplink and downlink speeds of 375 kb/s in half duplex mode, making it ideal for many IoT applications with low to medium data rate needs. LTE Cat M2 will increase data throughput to peak rates of 2.4 Mb/s for downloads and 2.6 Mb/s for uploads, broadening the appeal of LTE-M even for relatively high data speed applications such as video surveillance. At these speeds, it will also be much faster to deliver remote firmware updates over‑the‑air (FOTA) within reasonable timeframes and limiting drain on the battery. U-BLOX supports FOTA updates utilizing LWM2M (lightweight M2M), a light and compact protocol ideal for IoT applications.
  • Mobility: As compared to NB‑IoT, LTE-M is ideal for mobile use cases, because it handles hand‑over between cell towers much like high-speed LTE. For example, if a vehicle moves from point A to point B crossing several different network cells, an LTE-M device would behave the same as a cellular phone and never drop the connection. An NB‑IoT device, on the contrary, would have to re‑establish a new connection at some point after a new network cell is reached. Release 14 LTE-M now brings several benefits over the mobility features already supported in Release 13 LTE-M. These include less power consumption for mobile applications and full mobility (intra and inter-frequency).

Key Applications

Automotive & transportation

LTE-M supports full hand-over between network cells from a moving vehicle and is therefore well-suited for mobile use cases with medium data rate needs, such as vehicle tracking, asset tracking, telematics, fleet management and usage-based insurance.

Smart metering

LTE-M is also ideal for monitoring metering and utility applications via regular and small data transmission. Network coverage is a key issue in smart metering rollouts. Since meters are commonly located inside buildings or basements, LTE-M’s extended range leads to better coverage in hard-to-reach areas.

Smart buildings

LTE-M can easily provide basic building management functionality, such as HVAC, lighting, and access control with its enhanced indoor range. Since it also features voice functionality via VoLTE, it is also well‑suited for critical applications like security systems and alarm panels.

Connected health

Due to its extended in‑building range, voice support, and mobility, LTE-M is also a well‑matched air interface choice for connected health applications, such as outpatient monitoring and stay‑in‑place solutions.

Smart cities

Within smart cities, LTE-M can meet a variety of needs and effectively control street lighting, determine waste management pickup schedules, identify free parking spaces, monitor environmental conditions, and survey the condition of roads in a matter of milliseconds.

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